Divided into pre-renal, renal, post-renal causes
Pre-renal (due to renal hypoperfusion) 'SHDCK'
Sepsis (cause systemic vasodilation)
Hypovolaemia from haemorrhage
Drugs (ACE-I, NSAIDS)
CCF, Cirrhosis
K = renal artery stenosis (K = shape of artery narrowing)
Renal (Glomeruli, tubulo-intersititium, vasculature)
Tubulo-interstitial (together with pre-renal make up 80% of causes)
1. Ischaemia (same causes as above 'SHDCK')
2. Nephrotoxins 'DR. HUM (harm)':
Drugs (Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)
Radiological contrast agents
Haemoglobinuria (in rhabdomyolysis)
Uric acid crystals
Myeloma
Glomeruli
Acute glomerulonephritis from
1. Infection (Post-strep, infective endocarditis)
2. Immune disorders (Lupus, IgA nephropathy, ANCA small vessel vasculitis)
Vasculature
1. Vasculitis
2. Malignant hypertension
3. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
4. Cholesterol emboli
Post-renal (Due to urinary tract obstruction - THINK 'BIG HARD OBSTRUCTIVE OBJECTS' + Neuro)
Kidney stones
Tumours
Prostate
Neurogenic
Pre-renal (due to renal hypoperfusion) 'SHDCK'
Sepsis (cause systemic vasodilation)
Hypovolaemia from haemorrhage
Drugs (ACE-I, NSAIDS)
CCF, Cirrhosis
K = renal artery stenosis (K = shape of artery narrowing)
Renal (Glomeruli, tubulo-intersititium, vasculature)
Tubulo-interstitial (together with pre-renal make up 80% of causes)
1. Ischaemia (same causes as above 'SHDCK')
2. Nephrotoxins 'DR. HUM (harm)':
Drugs (Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)
Radiological contrast agents
Haemoglobinuria (in rhabdomyolysis)
Uric acid crystals
Myeloma
Glomeruli
Acute glomerulonephritis from
1. Infection (Post-strep, infective endocarditis)
2. Immune disorders (Lupus, IgA nephropathy, ANCA small vessel vasculitis)
Vasculature
1. Vasculitis
2. Malignant hypertension
3. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
4. Cholesterol emboli
Post-renal (Due to urinary tract obstruction - THINK 'BIG HARD OBSTRUCTIVE OBJECTS' + Neuro)
Kidney stones
Tumours
Prostate
Neurogenic